A philosophical razor is a tool used to eliminate improbable options in a given situation.
Occam’s Razor (also known as the “law of parsimony”) can be summarized as:
Among competing hypotheses, the one with the fewest assumptions should be selected.
In other words: the simplest explanation is preferable to (and more likely to be true than) a complicated one. Simple theories are easier to verify and simple solutions are easier to execute.
By ignoring complex scenarios and focusing on explanations that are simpler and have fewer moving parts, you can make decisions more quickly and confidently. It’s used best to make initial conclusions before the full scope of information can be obtained.
Occam’s Razor is not a foolproof way of thinking. Its focus is on simplicity and efficiency: don’t overcomplicate a situation unnecessarily. As Einstein said: “Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.”
However, adapt your thinking when logic, experience, or empirical evidence contradicts your initial reasoning. Sticking to your initial belief when there is evidence proving otherwise is just being stubborn and illogical.
How to use Occam’s Razor
When you’re coughing, assume the simplest explanation (I have a cold) and act based on that (get rest or medicine against a cold), instead of starting with a more complicated explanation (I’ve got lung cancer and will die next week).
When new information comes to light (it hasn’t recovered after a week or with medicine), update your thinking and go with the simplest solution that is consistent with this new information (visit a doctor, get expert advice and receive a different treatment).
Keeping things simple and consistent with existing data frees up mental space, speeds up decision-making and makes handling your emotions (and life) much easier.